{"id":1344,"date":"2026-11-09T08:58:28","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T08:58:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongbo2008.com\/cheque-writer-vs-micr-printer\/"},"modified":"2026-11-09T08:58:28","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T08:58:28","slug":"cek-yazicisi-ile-micr-yazicisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongbo2008.com\/tr\/cheque-writer-vs-micr-printer\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ek Yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ile MICR Yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131: \u00c7ek Ekipman\u0131 Nas\u0131l Se\u00e7ilir"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ek hacimleri d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam ederken \u00e7ek de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. Bu birle\u015fim, bu alandaki ekipman kararlar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131ran \u015feydir: ortalama \u00e7ek art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck, kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir \u00f6deme olup bir t\u00fcketiciden ziyade bir i\u015fletme taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmekte ve kart i\u015flemine k\u0131yasla bir sahtekarl\u0131k ekibi taraf\u0131ndan incelenme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n

Federal Reserve'in \u00f6deme verileri \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Americans yazd\u0131 2024'te 9,2 milyar \u00e7ek, de\u011feri 24,45 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131, 2000'deki 42,6 milyar \u00e7ekten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f,\u2026\u2026e g\u00f6re Federal Reserve \u00d6deme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/a>. Say\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; kalan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fer y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndakinin kabaca y\u00fczde 60'\u0131 ve ortalama \u00e7ek art\u0131k 2.600 ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ek d\u00fczenleme ekipman\u0131 belirleyen herkes i\u00e7in pratik soru, \u00e7eklerin kaybolup kaybolmayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan iki cihazdan hangisidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc farkl\u0131 i\u015fler yaparlar ve sat\u0131n alma belgelerinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\"\u00d6nceden
Vurmal\u0131 bir \u00e7ek yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fken alanlar\u0131 yazd\u0131r\u0131r; hesap ve y\u00f6nlendirme verileri genellikle \u00e7ek sto\u011funda \u00f6nceden kodlanm\u0131\u015f olarak gelir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ki i\u015f, s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan<\/h2>\n

Bir \u00e7ek iki t\u00fcr bilgi ta\u015f\u0131r ve bunlar farkl\u0131 teknolojiler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilir.<\/p>\n

Birincisi, alt k\u0131s\u0131mdaki makine taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir sat\u0131rd\u0131r: y\u00f6nlendirme veya s\u0131ralama kodu, hesap numaras\u0131, \u00e7ek numaras\u0131, bazen tutar. Bu karakterler tan\u0131ml\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 tipinde manyetik m\u00fcrekkeple bas\u0131l\u0131r, bu da bir okuyucu-s\u0131ralay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n saatte on binlerce \u00f6\u011feyi i\u015flemesini sa\u011flar. Bu MICR kodlamas\u0131d\u0131r ve ya \u00f6nceden kodlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ek sto\u011fu ya da MICR standard\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan bir yaz\u0131c\u0131 ve toner gerektirir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir ve sahtecili\u011fe diren\u00e7li i\u00e7eriktir: lehdar ad\u0131, tarih, rakam ve yaz\u0131yla tutar, imza. Vurmal\u0131 bir \u00e7ek yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yerini kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer buras\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik m\u00fcrekkebiyle bir \u015ferit \u00fczerinden yazd\u0131r\u0131r, genellikle tutar\u0131 kabart\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece hissedilebilir ve ne d\u00fczenledi\u011finin s\u0131ral\u0131 bir kayd\u0131n\u0131 tutar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu i\u015fletme \u00e7eki sto\u011fu, MICR sat\u0131r\u0131 banka veya form tedarik\u00e7isi taraf\u0131ndan zaten bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak gelir. Yaz\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fken alanlar\u0131 doldurur. Kendi poli\u00e7elerini d\u00fczenleyen bir banka veya y\u00fcksek hacimler \u00fcreten bir bordro b\u00fcrosu, bunun yerine bo\u015f g\u00fcvenlik sto\u011fu \u00fczerine MICR lazer yaz\u0131c\u0131yla kurum i\u00e7inde kodlama yapabilir. Her iki yol da me\u015frudur; farkl\u0131 uyum y\u00fckleri ve farkl\u0131 maliyet yap\u0131lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

MICR'in ger\u00e7ekte gerektirdi\u011fi \u015fey<\/h2>\n

MICR ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc okuma kafas\u0131 bir resmi de\u011fil, manyetik bir dalga formunu \u00f6l\u00e7er. G\u00f6ze ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen iki \u00e7ek, m\u00fcrekkep film a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131ysa farkl\u0131 sinyaller \u00fcretebilir ve bir taray\u0131c\u0131da m\u00fckemmel okunan bir karakter bir okuyucu-s\u0131ralay\u0131c\u0131da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olabilir.<\/p>\n

Temel parametreler pazarlar aras\u0131nda sabittir ve bir tedarik\u00e7inin iddialar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken bilmeye de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametre<\/th>\nGereklilik<\/th>\nNeden \u00f6nemli<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Karakter seti<\/td>\nE-13B: 0\u20139 rakamlar\u0131 art\u0131 transit, tutar, on-us ve tire sembolleri<\/td>\nHer glifin dalga formu h\u0131zda ay\u0131rt edilebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Karakter y\u00fcksekli\u011fi<\/td>\n0,117 in\u00e7<\/td>\nOkuma kafas\u0131 penceresini ve sinyal genli\u011fini tan\u0131mlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Karakter aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n0,125 in\u00e7, in\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na sekiz karakter<\/td>\nAlan konumlar\u0131 belge kenar\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izgi geni\u015fli\u011fi<\/td>\nNominal 0,013 in\u00e7<\/td>\nManyetik sinyalin tepe genli\u011fini kontrol eder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Temiz bant<\/td>\nAlt kenardan 0,625 in\u00e7, di\u011fer bask\u0131lardan uzak tutulur<\/td>\nBanttaki herhangi bir \u015fey okumay\u0131 engeller<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sinyal g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/td>\nKarakter ba\u015f\u0131na nominalin \u2013200'\u00fc<\/td>\n'nin alt\u0131nda kafa sinyali g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcden ay\u0131ramaz; 0'\u00fcn \u00fczerinde karakterler birbirine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u011frilik<\/td>\nKarakter ba\u015f\u0131na ve sat\u0131r boyunca 1,5 dereceden fazla de\u011fil<\/td>\nYanl\u0131\u015f hizalama dalga formu zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131 kayd\u0131r\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Temel E-13B bask\u0131 gereksinimleri. Kaynak: NIST FIPS PUB 32-1<\/a>, Manyetik M\u00fcrekkep Karakter Tan\u0131ma i\u00e7in Bask\u0131 Spesifikasyonlar\u0131; ASC X9 taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ANSI X9.100-20.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6netim standartlar\u0131, bask\u0131 spesifikasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ANSI X9.100-20 ve yerle\u015fim i\u00e7in X9.100-160-1 olup her ikisi de \u015fu kurulu\u015f taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr: ASC X9<\/a>, E-13B karakter seti i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 spesifikasyonu ISO 1004 sa\u011flar. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde, Reg\u00fclasyon CC<\/a> MICR sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bu standartlara ba\u011flar, bu nedenle uygun olmayan bir sat\u0131r kozmetik de\u011fil, bir iade sorunu yaratabilir.<\/p>\n

MICR tonerinin s\u0131radan toner olmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni<\/h3>\n

MICR toner demir oksit i\u00e7erir ve bu oksidin konsantrasyonu ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 manyetik sinyali belirler. S\u0131radan lazer toner sayfada ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ve hi\u00e7 okunabilir sinyal \u00fcretmeyebilir. Bu, kurum i\u00e7i \u00e7ek bask\u0131s\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n tek hatad\u0131r: iyi niyetli bir ofis bir lazer yaz\u0131c\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131r, standart toner y\u00fckler ve do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ancak bankada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan \u00e7ekler \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

Bunu \u00fc\u00e7 kontrol \u00f6nler. Belgelendirilmi\u015f oksit i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip bir partiden MICR i\u00e7in sertifikal\u0131 toner kullan\u0131n. Her bask\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7ti\/kald\u0131 de\u011fil, karakter ba\u015f\u0131na sinyal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc raporlayan bir MICR test cihaz\u0131yla do\u011frulay\u0131n. Ve test cihaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla birlikte kaydedin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc on sekiz ay sonra bir \u00e7ek itiraz edildi\u011finde, kay\u0131t neyin bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tek kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ek yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yeri<\/h2>\n

Vurmal\u0131 bir \u00e7ek yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6zel bir cihazd\u0131r ve de\u011feri, dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi zor bir yaz\u0131 tipinde, genellikle fotokopiden sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kan bir kabartma iziyle yazd\u0131r\u0131r. Bir mektup yazd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeniden ama\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lamaz, bu da bir i\u00e7 sahtekarl\u0131k kategorisini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pratikte \u00f6nemli olan \u00f6zellik seti, bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nerdi\u011finden daha dard\u0131r. \u00c7ek bozulmadan \u00f6nce bir tu\u015flama hatas\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bask\u0131dan \u00f6nce tutar\u0131 g\u00f6steren net bir say\u0131sal ekran aray\u0131n. Ayr\u0131 bir kay\u0131t defteri olmadan bir mutabakat kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flayan, d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7ek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcm\u00fclatif tutar\u0131 kaydeden bir bellek aray\u0131n. Hesap birden fazla d\u00f6vizle i\u015flem yap\u0131yorsa birka\u00e7 para birimi kodu yazd\u0131rma yetene\u011fi aray\u0131n. Ve bir tekrar i\u015flevi aray\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayn\u0131 lehdara yinelenen \u00f6demeler kira, bordro ve tedarik\u00e7i \u00f6demelerinde yayg\u0131n durumdur.<\/p>\n

Dongbo'nun DB310 \u00e7ek yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/a> bu set etraf\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir: 14 haneli bir ekran, g\u00fcvenlik m\u00fcrekkebiyle kabart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f rakamlar, d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7eklerin ve toplamlar\u0131n otomatik belle\u011fi ve be\u015f para birimi koduna destek. Ayn\u0131 platform, farkl\u0131 bir fiyat noktas\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6zellik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyan al\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in DB310A<\/a> Ve DB310B<\/a> varyantlarda sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir yaz\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey MICR sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kodlamakt\u0131r. \u00c7ekleriniz hesap ve y\u00f6nlendirme kodlamas\u0131 olmadan geliyorsa, tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir yaz\u0131c\u0131 onlar\u0131 i\u015flenebilir hale getirmez ve spesifikasyon ya \u00f6nceden kodlanm\u0131\u015f stok ya da ayr\u0131 bir kodlama ad\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7ermelidir.<\/p>\n

MICR lazer bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeri<\/h2>\n

Kurum i\u00e7i MICR bask\u0131, hacim y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda, \u00e7ek tasar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde veya d\u00fczenleyen kurumun sto\u011fu bo\u015f ka\u011f\u0131ttan itibaren kontrol etmesi gerekti\u011finde mant\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Poli\u00e7e d\u00fczenleyen bankalar, bordro b\u00fcrolar\u0131, hasar \u00f6demesi yapan sigorta \u015firketleri ve devlet \u00f6deme ofisleri klasik vakalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teknik gereksinimler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmesi kolay y\u00f6nlerden zorludur. Yaz\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcm bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma boyunca karakterleri \u015feffaf bant i\u00e7inde tutacak kadar s\u0131k\u0131 kay\u0131t tutmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toner MICR sertifikal\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131t, manyetik okumaya m\u00fcdahale etmeyen bir arka plana sahip g\u00fcvenlik sto\u011fu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc in\u00e7in iki binde biri kadar kayan bir yaz\u0131c\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan bir \u00e7ek partisi \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

Ekonomi de farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir MICR lazer kurulumu yaz\u0131c\u0131, sertifikal\u0131 toner, g\u00fcvenlik k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131, bir test cihaz\u0131 ve do\u011frulama eme\u011fi maliyetini ta\u015f\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u00e7ek ba\u015f\u0131na marjinal maliyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve tasar\u0131m esnekli\u011fi y\u00fcksektir. Bir \u00e7ek yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sermaye maliyeti ve neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131r sarf malzemesi karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r, ancak her \u00e7ek tek tek yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve cihaz MICR sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretemez.<\/p>\n

Hacim tablosu<\/h2>\n

\u00c7ek hacimleri yirmi y\u0131ld\u0131r istikrarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015fmektedir, ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f enstr\u00fcman t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda e\u015fit de\u011fildir ve kalan hacim tam olarak \u00e7ekleri elle de\u011fil ekipmanla d\u00fczenleyen segmentlerde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131l<\/th>\n\u00d6denen \u00e7ekler (milyar)<\/th>\nDe\u011fer (trilyon USD)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
2015<\/td>\n17.0<\/td>\n26.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2018<\/td>\n13.5<\/td>\n25.02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2021<\/td>\n11.0<\/td>\n26.37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2024<\/td>\n9.2<\/td>\n24.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde se\u00e7ili y\u0131llarda \u00e7ek \u00f6demeleri. Kaynak: Federal Reserve Payments Study, 2024 tahminleri.<\/p>\n

De\u011fer \u00e7izgisi neredeyse d\u00fcz kal\u0131rken say\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu, rutin olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p yap\u0131sal hale gelmi\u015f bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6nteminin imzas\u0131d\u0131r: i\u015fletmeden i\u015fletmeye \u00f6deme, hi\u00e7 ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmam\u0131\u015f segmentlerde bordro, kira, sigorta talepleri ve banka havalesi kullanmayan ki\u015filere yap\u0131lan devlet \u00f6demeleri. Ekipman kararlar\u0131 man\u015fet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re de\u011fil, bu profile g\u00f6re verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fczerg\u00e2h aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im<\/h2>\n

\u00c7ek \u00fcretmenin \u00fc\u00e7 yolu vard\u0131r ve se\u00e7im genellikle yaln\u0131zca fiyata de\u011fil, hacim ve kontrol gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
G\u00fczerg\u00e2h<\/th>\nEn uygun oldu\u011fu yer<\/th>\nNe \u00fcretir<\/th>\nAna uyum y\u00fck\u00fc<\/th>\nMaliyet etkeni<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Darbe \u00e7ek yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n\u015eubeler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck finans ekipleri, g\u00fcnde 10\u2013200 \u00e7ek<\/td>\n\u00d6nceden kodlanm\u0131\u015f stok \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015fken alanlar, kabartmal\u0131 tutarla<\/td>\nAlan do\u011frulu\u011fu ve s\u0131ral\u0131 kay\u0131t tutma<\/td>\nCihaz maliyeti, \u015feritler, operat\u00f6r zaman\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICR lazer yazd\u0131rma<\/td>\nBankalar, bordro b\u00fcrolar\u0131, talep merkezleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u015f\u0131na 1.000+ \u00e7ek<\/td>\nMICR sat\u0131r\u0131 dahil eksiksiz \u00e7ek<\/td>\nBask\u0131 kalitesi do\u011frulamas\u0131, toner sertifikasyonu, stok kontrol\u00fc<\/td>\nToner, g\u00fcvenlik k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131, test eme\u011fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u0131\u015f kaynakl\u0131 bask\u0131<\/td>\n\u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fkenlikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalara sahip kurulu\u015flar<\/td>\nG\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan bitmi\u015f \u00e7ekler<\/td>\nTedarik\u00e7i denetimi, teslimat kontrol\u00fc, stok saklama<\/td>\nBirim fiyat, teslim s\u00fcresi, minimum sipari\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00c7ek d\u00fczenleme g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131. Maliyet ve hacim bantlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterge niteli\u011findedir ve pazara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fczerg\u00e2h, genellikle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha fazla de\u011ferlendirmeyi hak ediyor. Do\u011fru sertifikalara sahip bir g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, do\u011frulama eme\u011fi hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rekabet eden birim maliyetle, ofis lazer yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan daha iyi bir \u00e7ek \u00fcretecektir. Kurulu\u015flar\u0131n kurum i\u00e7i bask\u0131ya devam etmesinin nedeni maliyet de\u011fil, zamanlama ve s\u0131ra \u00fczerindeki kontrold\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Hangi g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 se\u00e7erseniz se\u00e7in, belirtilmesi gerekenler<\/h2>\n

\u015eartnameye sekiz madde girmelidir ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6zelliklerden \u00e7ok kan\u0131tlarla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n